Teleportation? Very Possible. Next up: Time Travel by Michio Kaku
“The reason for all the excitement is that Einstein’s equations allow for many kinds of time machines. The most promising design is based on a traversable wormhole. This wormhole is constructed with both of its ends initially located close together. Two clocks, one at each end, tick in synchronization. Now take one end of the wormhole and its clock and send them into space at near-light speed. Time slows at that end due to an effect in Einstein’s theory of special relativity known as time dilation: Relative to a stationary observer on the ground, time aboard a spacecraft appears to slow down; relative to the spacecraft, time for the observer on the ground seems to speed up.”
In this article they talk a lot about the different ways there are for time traveling and the different theories that were made and how they were tested. The main point of this article was to talk about the different theories in which Einstein came up with. For example they talked about the traversable wormhole. Like the quote above, it explains how the traversable wormhole works.
“. This is just where we would expect Einstein’s theory to break down and quantum effects, which work at the subatomic level, to take over. The problem is that when we try to calculate radiation effects as we enter a time machine, we have to come up with a theory that combines Einstein’s general relativity with the quantum theory of radiation. Yet when we naively try to do so, the resulting theory makes no sense. It yields a series of infinite answers, which are meaningless.”
Yet there are a few issues in which they found out that Einstein was wrong about. Bernard Kay, Robert Wald and Marek Radzikowski tested out the theory of the traversable wormhole, and they found out that everything was possible expect for one place, which was near the wormhole entrance. Because around the wormhole entrance the Einstein’s theory is destroy and the quantum laws kicks in. The main issue to this was trying to calculate radiation effects for the time machine. They believe that the only way to overcome this problem is to combine Einstein’s theory and the quantum theory of radiation together. But when they did the answer didn’t make any sense and became useless for them, and in which the theory of everything takes over and makes Einstein’s theory seam crazy. But there were other theories by Einstein that does work but needed to be fixed around with a little. For example we have the teleportation theory. Einstein called this experiment “EPR experiment”, with this theory the Quantum theory does not work with it because of the formulas do not explain the things like precise position of particles. So the formulas is use to describe waves, also known as Schrödinger waves. In the EPR there will be two particles for example electrons, that will be initially vibrating in unison and they can remain in wavelike synchronization even if they are spread out very far from each other. The only thing that is connecting them is the Schrödinger wave. If something happens to one electron some of the information will be sent to the other one, moving faster than the speed of light. Einstein called this as “spooky action at a distance” but also known as quantum entanglement. But in the 1980’s Alain Aspect and his colleagues found out that it does move faster than the speed of light yet the information in which it was being pass down was random. But in 1993 Charles Bennett found a way in which the information will be carried on but in the atomic level. If we were to have two atoms A and C and wanted to teleport A atom to C we would need a third atom, B. A will contact atom B so that the information is transferred to atom B. Because B and C were the originally, A’s information has now been transferred to atom C. The only issue with this is that if we use a real person or any object, what will happen is that one of the same object will be lost. Therefore if we were to use a person, this person would die somewhere and will be reborn again.
“In 2007 Ashton Bradley of the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Quantum-Atom Optics in Brisbane proposed another teleportation method, tapping another Einstein insight, a state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate, or BEC, which is one of the coldest substances in the entire universe.”
Another theory of Einstein was “Bose-Einstein condensate” also known as we BEC. In BEC you have to have it set at one0millionth to one-billionth of a degree above absolute zero. What happens is that when forms of matters are cooled to near absolute zero their atoms will cause the lowest energy state so that all of them will vibrate in unison. From there a light beam is sent down a fiber-optic cable. This will have all of the quantum information necessary to describe the original matter beam, and from there it will hit another BEC, which converts it into the original matter beam. All of these ways are the starting of time travel; if we are able to send one object to another location we will be able to send it through time as well. Each step counts no matter how big or small it is.
A Thrill Ride to ‘the Other Side of Infinity’ – Kirk Johnson (http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/28/science/28prof.html?pagewanted=1&_r=2&sq=A%20Thrill%20Ride%20to%20the%20other%20side%20of%20infinity&st=nyt&scp=1)
“That meant not only creating a visual representation of Einstein's work, but also in a real sense creating from scratch a world that cannot be known.”
“Hard science is meanwhile galloping ahead just as fast and needs game technology as a tool if students are to master all that must be learned and if members of the public are to glimpse the basics of high-concept science at all.”
This article explains about how they mix science with art yet at the same time still using Einstein’s equations. Dr. Hamilton who made the game used Einstein’s equation and a graphics language called Open GL, by using this he was able to show people how the vectors of light should behave at a black hole, called the event horizon and inside the hole itself. What scientists already know is that that when you get near to a black hole is every object’s gravitational is effected because of the black hole, for example nearby stars. The computer it self that creates all of these answer to the equations and different ways for the games, takes a lot more farer ideas than the human’s mind it self. When you view this program they show what the equations will show you, like a waterside river only that the water is full of stars. Most people deny that idea because they were hoping it was something better or something else. This program also take us to the theory that a black whole will lead to another point of time, either forward or backwards. This article shows how now days with the type of technology we are able to produce something that might be the real thing. Showing us different ways and different theories that can lead into it. Because this was about black holes and since there are theories of how black holes can take you to another point of time, like time traveling, we can use technology like these to see the different ways it can. Not only that but by putting information like this into games we are also educating people all around the world with real science facts.
Bose and Einstein in Boulder by David H. Freedman
(http://discovermagazine.com/1996/jan/boseandeinsteini675/?searchterm=bose%20einstein%20condensate)
“Some cold atoms kept escaping, too, leaving behind too few to snuggle up and merge. The scientists traced the problem to weak spots in the trap caused by unavoidable fluctuations in the magnetic fields. Cornell then had a brainstorm: Why not spin the magnetic fields, like tops, at 8,000 revolutions per second? That way the weak spots would never stay in one place long enough for the cold atoms to pop through.”
In this article it explain a lot of the theories in which Einstein came up but they also do bunch of lab test. In the BEC they’ve notice how a few atoms keeps leaving causing it everything to become even weaker. Meaning that the lab didn’t go so well and can’t fully based their answer on a lab that didn’t have all of their atoms. Therefore they come up with a different ways to stop those atoms of leaving and causing weak spots for them. I believe going back and redoing every test and every lab making sure that everything is perfect can help us go one more step forward for time travel. Because small errors like these can cause and make it seam like it can’t work. But like the quote above they show different ways and make it work. Proving it that is possible to do such thing. From these results we will be able to make time travel even more available.
Lab-Grown Black Holes by Kathy A. Svitil
(http://discovermagazine.com/2000/oct/breakholes/?searchterm=speed%20of%20light)
“Andrews in Scotland and Paul Piwnicki of the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, have uncovered a way to mimic a black hole with a small, safe vortex of cold atoms.”
In this article they talk about how they made a mimic of a black hole. Just by doing the technology for something like that is already very powerful. If we are able to do this type of things making us study more into in it, it means we can also study and put good use to it by the time traveling. If the theories for black hole are correct we will be able to find different things about black holes and ways to get time travel through to them and coming back. There are so many different things we could do now with today’s technology that anything is able to happen. This cultural of the science in which we have now a days. Mixing anything from art to new technology.
Relativity Simply Explained by Martin Gardner (book) “In developing the general theory of relativity, Einstein found it necessary to adopt a four-dimensional general Riemannian geometry. Instead of a forth space dimension, however, Einstein made time his fourth dimensional” (80) I learn that because of the fourth dimensional space and time aren’t as depending on each other like they seam to be. Space and time are more view as a shadow of each other. For example when you hold a book straight up in front of a light you’ll see its shadow as a big rectangle, and when you hide it side way in front of the light it become a thin rectangle yet the shape of the book has not change at all. “Almost all physicists agree that the warping moves like a wave and that these waves travel with the speed of light. There is also good reason to believe that gravity waves consist of tiny indivisible particles of energy called “gravitons” (pg 91) If we were to view everything as waves, then this will also help us to break down space and time and find different ways of doing time travel. I believe learning the main background science history for time travel is important because without understanding the concepts it’s hard to understand when a book or a article is explaining about time travel and how to do it.
Relativity Simply Explained by Martin Gardner (book)
“In developing the general theory of relativity, Einstein found it necessary to adopt a four-dimensional general Riemannian geometry. Instead of a forth space dimension, however, Einstein made time his fourth dimensional” (80)
I learn that because of the fourth dimensional space and time aren’t as depending on each other like they seam to be. Space and time are more view as a shadow of each other. For example when you hold a book straight up in front of a light you’ll see its shadow as a big rectangle, and when you hide it side way in front of the light it become a thin rectangle yet the shape of the book has not change at all.
“Almost all physicists agree that the warping moves like a wave and that these waves travel with the speed of light. There is also good reason to believe that gravity waves consist of tiny indivisible particles of energy called “gravitons” (pg 91)
If we were to view everything as waves, then this will also help us to break down space and time and find different ways of doing time travel. I believe learning the main background science history for time travel is important because without understanding the concepts it’s hard to understand when a book or a article is explaining about time travel and how to do it.
A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking (book)
“The time of the event is then said to be the time halfway between when the pulse was sent and the time when the reflection was received back: the distance of the event is half the time taken for this round trip, multiplied by the speed of light” (pg 22)
“We must accept that time is not completely separate from and independent of space, but is combined with it to for an object called space-time” (pg 23)
Stephen Hawking went on to disprove the theory of everything. That is what the first quote is saying. Because in the theory of everything, there is nothing faster than the speed of light, yet the equation in which they use to get the speed of light isn’t really calculating the speed nor the distance. All it is doing is multiplying by the mass and this number in which they have for speed of light. Therefore proving it wrong. As for the 2nd quote it brought up my point from my last book. If I were to combined both these because one is saying that time and space are two different things and the other is saying they’re not. I would label them as the fact that they are different yet they do need each as well. More of like a shadow from one and the other.
